Types of Network Cable

There are three basic types of networking cables:

1: Twisted Pair

2: Coaxial cable

3: Fiber Optics

BASIC CONCEPT TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT ALL CABLE TYPES

ATTENUATION (Distance Limit):

                                In nearby all cable there is a distance limit at which the signal on the wire wakness and no longer can be recognized.

ELECTROMAGNTIC INTERFACE

                                                                Virtually all electrical devices emit electromagnetic waves that can cause interference and impair the signal of other devices.

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI):

                                                                                   Devices that broadcast wireless or radio signals can produce interference through radio waves transmissions picked up by other electrical devices, which is the case of EMI.

CANCELLATION:

                                The electromagnetic fields of two wires placed in close proximity can cancle out each other. This is generally a good thing and helps control the signal being sent over the individual wires, but too much cancellation can destroy the integrity of the signal carried on either wire.

PDU ( Protocol Data Unit) Names of the Layers of the OSI Model

What OSI Model does?

OSI Model Describes how information moves from an application program running on on networked computers to an application program running on another networked computer. OSI prescribes the steps in the process of transferring data, in the form of ones and zeroes, over a transmission medium to another computer or device on a network.

Layer Model In ISO OSI Reference Model

ISO OSI REFERENCE MODEL

• Industry standards Organization, Open System Interconnection Reference Model.
• All cisco networking is the OSI Reference Model
• OSI Model is the foundation of all network communications Cisco and othrs.
• OSI Reference Model has seven layers.
• Department of Defense has five layers.
• A layered model is one that takes a task, such as data communications, and breaks it down into a series of tasks, activities, or components.   

Fiber Distributed Data Interchange (FDDI)- The Double Ring Network

FDDI is an ANSI (American national Standards Institute) standard that defines a dual ring technology that operates at 100 mbps over fiber optics cabling.
FDDI is better suited for networks that operate over large geographic area or in electronically environments, or for networks that have large bandwidth demands.

What is Token Ring Network & How It Works?

Token Ring Network:
                                    Its usually operate at either 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps. token Ring network are laid out in loop that starts and ends at the same node forming a ring.
Working:
                A Token Ring node receives message only from its nearest upstream neighbor (NAUN) and sends signals to its downstream neighbor. Token Ring use a token passing access method, in which only the workstation or computer holding the token is allowed to transmit on the network. As the workstation or computer completes its task, it places the token on the network for another node to use.

What is Ethernet & How Its Work?

Ethernet:
                By definition built on a bus topology that operates on baseband rates 10 Mbps or 1,000 Mbps.
How Ethernet Works:
                                    Ethernet network employ an access method CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection). Under CSMA/CD, when a station wants to send information over the network, it listens for other stations broadcasting. If the network is not in use, it sends the message. On Occasion, two stations may broadcast at the same time and a collision occurs, when this happens each station retransmits its message using a back-off algorithm that specifies a random period of time each workstation or computer should wait before re-transmitting.

Starting CCNA from Topologies

Topology is the physical layout of the computer, other nodes and cabling of the network.
Some General Topologies:
1: BUS TOPOLOGY:
                                    Nodes/computers are connected to a central cable, called a backbone, which runs the length of the network.
2: RING TOPOLOGY:
                                      The primary network cable is installed as a loop, or ring, and the workstations/computers are attached to the primary cable at points of the ring.
3: STAR TOPOLOGY:
                                       Each workstation/computer connects directly to the central server with its own cable.

A Little Bit About CCNA

Cisco Systems, Inc. sponsors a complete hierarchy of career certifications that center on its routing. Cisco Systems is the leading internetworking company in the world, its only natural that certification on its equipment and software is a valuable credential for a networking professional.

Important Notice

All topics and theory which you will read or see in this blog is collected from many resources. All is not my own and I specially thanks to all of them and all the resources. This is only for educational purpose and to help the students and other computer users.

Computer.....a revolution

From last many years we are using and lisenting about a very amazing device named as Computer. But what is computer and why this device is so important every where? This complicated question has a simple answer. Just look arround yourself, you will findout many answers of this question. Due to using computer we are comming together. You can send or receive any information from one place to another place, you can keep you update from all news arround the world, you can video chat or talk with your loved ones and its all due to computer. Today robotic computers are cooking food for us and also providing us security everywhere. Computer is working in many dangerous environment even there also where it is impossible to reach for a human. Now we are on Moon and computer is playing a great role in this.
In current time it is very neccessary to know computer. This is my little step to explore my knowledge for those who need it.

Some Special person in My Life

I start from my loving parents. They always inspire me for better working in my field. Although my father is from a farming background and my mother is a house lady but they hold many loveable and inspiring moments of my life. I have no words to explain about my parents more than it. I am very thankful to my parents. I am also thankful for my some relatives in Delhi and Dehradun where they help me and fill my life with joy specially "Vikas Dhaiya, Sansar Dhaiya, Anirudh Dhaiya, Arvind Rathi, Roven Rathi, Anoj Rathi and Dharmendra (Monu) Rathi". All of these person do everything for me.
I can not forget to miss my childhood friends and also latter. They all always directly or indirectly inspire me for better working. Some of my friend are… Gaurab Malik (Classmate in JIC, Dhokalpur), Shakti Singh (Classmate in JIC, Dhokalpur), Pradeep Kumar (Classmate in JIC, Dhokalpur from my village), Hemendra Singh (Classmate in JIC dhokalpur, KIC Peeli Chauki, KIC Mandawali, Sachdeva New P.T. College Faridabad), Krishnaveer Singh (Classmate in KIC Peeli Chuaki & Mandawali),Mohit Malik (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki), Dara Malik (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki), Shekhar Kumar (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki), Gaurab Kumar (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki), Sandeep Kumar (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki), Vikas Kumar (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki & Mandawali), Udayveer Singh (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki & Mandawali), Indrajeet Singh (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki & Mandawli), Kalandra Kumar (Classmate KIC Peeli Chauki & Mandawali), Ajay Kumar (Classmate In KIC Mandawali) Alok Kumar (Classmate In KIC Mandawali), Amit Kumar (Classmate In KIC Mandawali), Neeraj Kumar (Classmate In KIC Mandwali), Monika Soryan (Classmate in KIC Mandwali), pratibha Dawas (Classmate In KIC Mandawali), Priyanka Kumari (Classmate In KIC Mandawali), Annu Kumari (Classmate In KIC Mandwali), Ritika Bhardwaj (Classmate In KIC Mandawli), Kamal Kumar (Classmate In KIC Mandawli), Mudit Kumar (Classmate In KIC Mandawli), Veenet Kumar (Classmate KIC Mandawali,Veera College Of Engineering), Amit Kumar (Batchmate In Veera College Of Engineering), Atul Rajput (Batchmate In Vira College Of Engineering), Ashwani Kumar (Batchmate In Vira College Of Engineering), Mohit Kumar (BAtchmate In Vira College Of Engineering), Ankit shekhawat (Batchmate In Vira College Of Engineering), Deepak Rawat (Batchmate Vira College Of Engineering), Deelika Singh (Batchmate In Vira College Of Engineering), Ankita Jain (Batchmate In Vira College Of Engineering), Ravi Saini (IICI Dehradun), Amit Lataniya (IICI Dehradun), Mohit Saini (IICI Dehradun), Rahul Pundir (IICI Dehradun), Vipin Lataniya (Sai Institute Dehradun), Ankit Tyagi (IICI Dehradun), Nitin Tyagi (IICI Dehradun), Ashutosh Tyagi (IICI Dehradun), Vishal Tyagi (IICI Dehradun), Shashi Maletha (IICI Dehradun), Sandy (Dehradun), Naresh (Dehradun), Avinash kumar (IICI Dehradun), Ankul Kumar (IICI Dehradun), Sonu Kumar (IICI Dehradun), Tripuresh Tripathi (IICI Dehradun), Heera Singh (IICI Dehradun), Vipin Rajput (IICI Dehradun), Farukh Khan (IICI Dehradun), Nitin Pundir (IICI Dehradun), Javed Khan (IICI Dehradun), Arun Bagri (Globnet Dehradun), Rahul Shail (Das College Dehradun), Anuj Rathi (Dehradun), Gagan Kumar (TLI Dehradun), Neetu Manral (TLI Dehradun), Priyanka Rawat (TLI Dehradun), Mukta Singh (TLI Dehradun), Anita Singh (TLI Dehradun), Shaily (TLI Dehradun), Anil Kumar (TLI Dehradun), Manmohan Singh (TLI Dehradun), Bhavna Sharma (TLI Dehradun), Rajnesh Rathi (Meerut), Achal Kumar (Bijnor), Rupil Kumar (Bijnor), Arjun Choudhary (Bijnor), Ankur Choudhary (BIT, Bijnor), Nardev Singh (BIT, Bijnor), Deepak Kumar (BIT, Bijnor), Shewali Singh (GCMT, Dehradun), Deepika Singh(GCMT, Dehradun), Parvendra Singh (Bijnor). I miss you a lot all my friends. I will always remember all of you my friends and those moments also which we spend together.

Here is some people who also inspire me for better working like Chandan Saini (Software engineer Dehradun), Amrish Bagri (Press Reporter Gharwal Post Dehradun), Deepak Deoli (HCL Noida/India Infotech Noida). I will always greatful thanks to all of you.



***My special thanks is to my love who always inspire me for better tomorrow and it is funny that at that time she does not know that I love her and she is inspiring me***